LIS Quiz # 05

 

1. Which of the following is NOT a library service?

A) Reference Service
B) Cataloging Service
C) Housekeeping Service
D) Interlibrary Loan

Answer: C) Housekeeping Service


2. SDI stands for:

A) Systematic Data Indexing
B) Selective Dissemination of Information
C) Standard Data Integration
D) Scientific Data Interpretation

Answer: B) Selective Dissemination of Information


3. What is the primary function of a reference service?

A) Issuing books
B) Providing answers to user queries
C) Organizing books on shelves
D) Cataloging books

Answer: B) Providing answers to user queries


4. Which of the following is an example of a bibliographic service?

A) Lending books
B) Providing access to reference materials
C) Compiling bibliographies
D) Organizing book exhibitions

Answer: C) Compiling bibliographies


5. What does ILL stand for in libraries?

A) Information and Learning Library
B) International Library Linkage
C) Interlibrary Loan
D) Integrated Library Locator

Answer: C) Interlibrary Loan


6. CAS stands for:

A) Current Awareness Service
B) Cataloging and Abstracting Service
C) Collection Access Service
D) Computerized Archiving System

Answer: A) Current Awareness Service


7. The term ‘Document Delivery Service’ refers to:

A) Home delivery of books
B) Providing documents in digital or print format upon request
C) Lending books for a fixed period
D) Delivering lecture notes to students

Answer: B) Providing documents in digital or print format upon request


8. What type of service does a library provide to visually impaired users?

A) Audiobooks and Braille materials
B) Only printed books
C) Only digital books
D) None of the above

Answer: A) Audiobooks and Braille materials


9. A library providing access to scholarly articles through an online portal is an example of:

A) Technical service
B) Digital library service
C) Manual cataloging
D) Traditional library service

Answer: B) Digital library service


10. Which of the following is NOT a component of a library information retrieval system?

A) Database
B) Search Engine
C) Users
D) Furniture

Answer: D) Furniture


11. Which of the following tools is commonly used for literature searching?

A) OPAC
B) Google Scholar
C) Web of Science
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above


12. A reference librarian helps users by providing:

A) Circulation services
B) Subject-specific research assistance
C) Book repair services
D) Collection weeding

Answer: B) Subject-specific research assistance


13. What is the purpose of a reprographic service in a library?

A) Selling books
B) Providing photocopy and scanning services
C) Organizing storytelling sessions
D) None of the above

Answer: B) Providing photocopy and scanning services


14. Which term refers to the process of borrowing books from other libraries?

A) Interlibrary Loan
B) Reference Service
C) Book Reservation
D) None of the above

Answer: A) Interlibrary Loan


15. Library orientation programs are designed to:

A) Teach users how to use the library’s resources effectively
B) Train librarians on cataloging
C) Manage book purchases
D) Classify books

Answer: A) Teach users how to use the library’s resources effectively


16. A Union Catalogue is:

A) A list of books in one library
B) A combined catalog of multiple libraries
C) A special catalog for fiction books
D) None of the above

Answer: B) A combined catalog of multiple libraries


17. Which of the following is NOT an example of a library service?

A) Book Lending
B) Reference Assistance
C) Binding of old books
D) SDI Service

Answer: C) Binding of old books


18. OPAC stands for:

A) Online Public Access Catalog
B) Online Private Access Collection
C) Offline Public Archive Catalog
D) Online Processing and Cataloging

Answer: A) Online Public Access Catalog


19. What is the primary goal of a digital library?

A) To store physical books
B) To provide remote access to digital resources
C) To replace print libraries
D) To restrict access to information

Answer: B) To provide remote access to digital resources


20. What is a citation index?

A) A tool for measuring the impact of research articles
B) A list of book prices
C) A reference book containing only abstracts
D) None of the above

Answer: A) A tool for measuring the impact of research articles


21. Which type of library service provides books to users at their doorstep?

A) Reprography service
B) Home delivery service
C) Digital library service
D) None of the above

Answer: B) Home delivery service


22. A library newsletter is an example of which service?

A) CAS (Current Awareness Service)
B) SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information)
C) Technical Service
D) None of the above

Answer: A) CAS (Current Awareness Service)


23. What is an Institutional Repository?

A) A personal collection of books
B) A database of an institution’s research output
C) A physical storage unit for books
D) A bookshop

Answer: B) A database of an institution’s research output


24. An Abstracting Service provides:

A) Full-text documents
B) Summaries of research articles
C) Library membership
D) None of the above

Answer: B) Summaries of research articles


25. What is the main role of indexing in a library?

A) To arrange books on shelves
B) To create a systematic way of retrieving information
C) To increase book borrowing
D) To bind damaged books

Answer: B) To create a systematic way of retrieving information

LIS Quiz # 04

 

1. What is Blockchain?

A) A type of cryptocurrency
B) A decentralized digital ledger
C) A centralized banking system
D) A cloud storage service
Answer: B) A decentralized digital ledger


2. What is the primary purpose of a blockchain?

A) To store and manage financial transactions
B) To maintain a distributed and tamper-proof record of data
C) To replace traditional databases
D) To increase internet speed
Answer: B) To maintain a distributed and tamper-proof record of data


3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of blockchain?

A) Decentralization
B) Immutability
C) Central authority control
D) Transparency
Answer: C) Central authority control


4. What is the first blockchain-based cryptocurrency?

A) Ethereum
B) Ripple
C) Bitcoin
D) Litecoin
Answer: C) Bitcoin


5. Who is credited with inventing Bitcoin and blockchain technology?

A) Vitalik Buterin
B) Satoshi Nakamoto
C) Elon Musk
D) Charles Hoskinson
Answer: B) Satoshi Nakamoto


6. What type of cryptographic function is used in blockchain for security?

A) Symmetric encryption
B) Hash functions
C) Public and private key encryption
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C


7. Which consensus mechanism does Bitcoin use?

A) Proof of Stake (PoS)
B) Proof of Work (PoW)
C) Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
D) Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
Answer: B) Proof of Work (PoW)


8. What is the role of miners in a blockchain network?

A) To create smart contracts
B) To validate and add transactions to the blockchain
C) To regulate transaction fees
D) To act as intermediaries in transactions
Answer: B) To validate and add transactions to the blockchain


9. Which of the following blockchains supports smart contracts?

A) Bitcoin
B) Ethereum
C) Litecoin
D) Dogecoin
Answer: B) Ethereum


10. What is a smart contract?

A) A physical contract stored on the blockchain
B) A self-executing contract with pre-defined conditions
C) A document signed by multiple parties
D) A government-issued digital agreement
Answer: B) A self-executing contract with pre-defined conditions


11. What does a hash function do in blockchain?

A) Encrypts transactions
B) Converts an input into a fixed-length string
C) Creates public and private keys
D) Tracks transaction history
Answer: B) Converts an input into a fixed-length string


12. What is a fork in blockchain technology?

A) A hardware upgrade
B) A change in the protocol rules
C) A security breach
D) A transaction failure
Answer: B) A change in the protocol rules


13. What is the main advantage of blockchain over traditional databases?

A) Centralized control
B) Faster data retrieval
C) Enhanced security and transparency
D) Unlimited scalability
Answer: C) Enhanced security and transparency


14. Which type of blockchain is open to the public and allows anyone to participate?

A) Private blockchain
B) Consortium blockchain
C) Public blockchain
D) Hybrid blockchain
Answer: C) Public blockchain


15. What is gas in the Ethereum blockchain?

A) A measure of computational work required for transactions
B) The fuel used for mining
C) A cryptocurrency token
D) A security protocol
Answer: A) A measure of computational work required for transactions


16. Which of the following is NOT a real-world application of blockchain?

A) Supply chain management
B) Voting systems
C) Cloud computing
D) Healthcare records
Answer: C) Cloud computing


17. Which of the following is NOT a blockchain consensus mechanism?

A) Proof of Work (PoW)
B) Proof of Stake (PoS)
C) Proof of Transaction (PoT)
D) Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Answer: C) Proof of Transaction (PoT)


18. What is the primary function of a node in a blockchain network?

A) To store a copy of the blockchain and validate transactions
B) To act as a central server for transactions
C) To provide internet connectivity
D) To generate private keys
Answer: A) To store a copy of the blockchain and validate transactions


19. Which blockchain technology allows interoperability between different blockchains?

A) Bitcoin
B) Ethereum
C) Polkadot
D) Litecoin
Answer: C) Polkadot


20. What is the term used when a blockchain is split into two separate chains due to disagreements in protocol updates?

A) Merge
B) Split-chain
C) Fork
D) Breakdown
Answer: C) Fork


21. Which layer of blockchain handles data transmission between nodes?

A) Application layer
B) Consensus layer
C) Network layer
D) Data layer
Answer: C) Network layer


22. Which of these is a potential drawback of blockchain?

A) High energy consumption in PoW
B) Slow transaction speeds in some blockchains
C) Scalability challenges
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above


23. What is the main function of a blockchain wallet?

A) To store blockchain transactions
B) To store private and public keys for cryptocurrency transactions
C) To mine new coins
D) To validate blockchain transactions
Answer: B) To store private and public keys for cryptocurrency transactions


24. What is the Lightning Network used for?

A) Improving Bitcoin's scalability
B) Enhancing Ethereum smart contracts
C) Mining new cryptocurrencies
D) Encrypting blockchain transactions
Answer: A) Improving Bitcoin's scalability


25. Which organization developed the Hyperledger blockchain framework?

A) Microsoft
B) Linux Foundation
C) Ethereum Foundation
D) Google
Answer: B) Linux Foundation

LIS Quiz #03

 

1. What is metadata?

a) Data about data
b) A type of programming language
c) A database management system
d) A security protocol

Answer: a) Data about data


2. Which of the following is a widely used metadata standard for bibliographic records?

a) Dublin Core
b) XML
c) HTML
d) ISO 27001

Answer: a) Dublin Core


3. What does MARC stand for?

a) Machine-Readable Cataloging
b) Metadata and Resource Classification
c) Metadata and Retrieval Code
d) Machine Archival Record Control

Answer: a) Machine-Readable Cataloging


4. Which metadata schema is commonly used in digital libraries for describing electronic resources?

a) MARC 21
b) Dublin Core
c) AACR2
d) OPAC

Answer: b) Dublin Core


5. Which of the following is NOT a metadata standard?

a) MODS
b) MARC
c) ISO 9001
d) METS

Answer: c) ISO 9001


6. Which metadata standard is designed for describing cultural heritage objects?

a) METS
b) EAD
c) MARC
d) AACR2

Answer: b) EAD (Encoded Archival Description)


7. What is the main purpose of metadata in digital libraries?

a) To store raw data
b) To improve searchability and resource management
c) To protect user privacy
d) To reduce storage space

Answer: b) To improve searchability and resource management


8. Which metadata standard is primarily used in libraries to encode and exchange bibliographic data?

a) Dublin Core
b) MARC 21
c) XML
d) JSON

Answer: b) MARC 21


9. Which standard is used for structuring metadata in archives and special collections?

a) Dublin Core
b) METS
c) EAD
d) MODS

Answer: c) EAD (Encoded Archival Description)


10. What is the role of MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema)?

a) To replace Dublin Core
b) To provide a richer metadata format compatible with MARC
c) To secure digital content
d) To compress metadata files

Answer: b) To provide a richer metadata format compatible with MARC


11. Which of the following metadata standards is most suitable for managing digital preservation metadata?

a) PREMIS
b) EAD
c) MARC
d) HTML

Answer: a) PREMIS


12. What does METS stand for?

a) Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard
b) Machine Encoding and Tracking System
c) Metadata Exchange and Transformation System
d) Metadata Encoding and Taxonomy Structure

Answer: a) Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard


13. Which organization developed the Dublin Core metadata standard?

a) OCLC
b) W3C
c) ISO
d) Library of Congress

Answer: a) OCLC


14. What is a key feature of the Dublin Core metadata standard?

a) It has 15 core elements
b) It is a proprietary system
c) It is only used for printed books
d) It requires XML for implementation

Answer: a) It has 15 core elements


15. Which metadata standard is used for geospatial data?

a) FGDC
b) METS
c) MODS
d) EAD

Answer: a) FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee)


16. What does LOM stand for in metadata standards?

a) Learning Object Metadata
b) Library Object Management
c) Linked Open Metadata
d) Logical Object Mapping

Answer: a) Learning Object Metadata


17. What is the primary purpose of PREMIS metadata?

a) Digital preservation
b) Online cataloging
c) Web page indexing
d) Secure online transactions

Answer: a) Digital preservation


18. Which format is commonly used to encode metadata for interoperability?

a) XML
b) PDF
c) DOCX
d) TXT

Answer: a) XML


19. Which of the following is an international standard for bibliographic description?

a) ISBD
b) MARCXML
c) MODS
d) PREMIS

Answer: a) ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description)


20. What is the primary use of Z39.50 in digital libraries?

a) Metadata harvesting
b) Information retrieval and exchange
c) Digital preservation
d) User authentication

Answer: b) Information retrieval and exchange


21. Which metadata harvesting protocol is used by digital repositories?

a) OAI-PMH
b) FTP
c) HTTP
d) DOI

Answer: a) OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting)


22. Which metadata schema is most commonly used in institutional repositories?

a) MARC
b) Dublin Core
c) METS
d) EAD

Answer: b) Dublin Core


23. What does RDF stand for in metadata frameworks?

a) Resource Description Framework
b) Random Data Format
c) Repository Data Foundation
d) Reliable Digital Format

Answer: a) Resource Description Framework


24. What is the main advantage of using metadata in digital library automation?

a) Faster searching and retrieval
b) Reduced need for backups
c) Increased file compression
d) Elimination of human cataloging

Answer: a) Faster searching and retrieval


25. What is the relationship between XML and metadata?

a) XML is a format for structuring metadata
b) XML is a replacement for metadata
c) XML is a type of metadata
d) XML is only used for website development

Answer: a) XML is a format for structuring metadata

LIS Notes #09 - DSpace - Digital Library Software

 DSpace Digital Library Software

DSpace is an open-source digital repository software widely used for building open access repositories for academic, non-profit, and commercial organizations. Developed jointly by MIT Libraries and Hewlett-Packard (HP) in 2002, DSpace provides a robust platform for storing, managing, and preserving digital content, including research outputs, datasets, theses, dissertations, and other scholarly materials. Its flexibility, scalability, and adherence to international standards have made it one of the most popular repository solutions globally.

Key Features and Functionality

  1. Open Source and Customizable: DSpace is distributed under the BSD open-source license, allowing institutions to modify and adapt the software to meet their specific needs. Its modular architecture and extensive documentation facilitate customization, enabling institutions to create repositories that reflect their branding and functional requirements.

  2. Content Management: DSpace supports a wide range of digital formats, including text documents, images, videos, and datasets. It allows for the easy submission, storage, and retrieval of content. The software organizes content into a hierarchical structure of communities and collections, making it easy to manage and navigate.

  3. Metadata Support: DSpace employs qualified Dublin Core as its default metadata schema but is flexible enough to support other standards such as MARC, MODS, and METS. This ensures that the metadata associated with digital objects is rich and descriptive, facilitating better discovery and interoperability with other systems.

  4. Search and Retrieval: The platform offers powerful search and browsing capabilities, including full-text search, faceted browsing, and advanced filtering options. These features enhance the discoverability of content, making it easier for users to find relevant materials.

  5. Interoperability and Standards Compliance: DSpace is compliant with the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH), enabling interoperability with other repositories and services. It also supports the ResourceSync framework, allowing for efficient synchronization of repository contents across different platforms.

  6. User and Access Management: The software includes robust user management features, allowing administrators to control access to content based on user roles and permissions. It supports integration with institutional authentication systems such as LDAP and Shibboleth, ensuring secure and seamless user access.

  7. Preservation and Sustainability: DSpace incorporates digital preservation tools and practices to ensure the long-term sustainability of digital content. It supports checksum validation, file format recognition, and version control, helping institutions maintain the integrity and authenticity of their digital assets over time.

  8. Community and Support: DSpace has a vibrant global community of developers, users, and institutions contributing to its ongoing development and support. Regular updates, community forums, and comprehensive documentation ensure that users have access to the latest features and best practices.

Applications and Use Cases

DSpace is widely used by academic institutions, research organizations, government agencies, and cultural heritage institutions to create institutional repositories, digital archives, and data repositories. It serves as a critical tool for managing and disseminating research outputs, promoting open access, and supporting scholarly communication. Universities use DSpace to archive theses and dissertations, while research institutions leverage it to share datasets and publications.

LIS Quiz #02

 

11. The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) primarily addresses:

A) The use of journal-based metrics in research assessment
B) The funding of open access journals
C) The standardization of bibliographic records
D) The preservation of digital archives

Answer: A) The use of journal-based metrics in research assessment


12. Text and data mining (TDM) in libraries is used for:

A) Extracting useful information from large text and data sets
B) Cataloging books and journals
C) Preserving rare manuscripts
D) Managing library finances

Answer: A) Extracting useful information from large text and data sets


13. The H-index is a metric that measures:

A) The number of publications by an author
B) The number of citations an author has received
C) An author's productivity and citation impact
D) The impact factor of a journal

Answer: C) An author's productivity and citation impact


14. Open Educational Resources (OER) are:

A) Commercially published textbooks
B) Free and openly licensed educational materials
C) Restricted access academic journals
D) Proprietary e-learning platforms

Answer: B) Free and openly licensed educational materials


15. The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system is used to:

A) Classify books in a library
B) Provide a permanent link to digital content
C) Encrypt digital files
D) Manage library user accounts

Answer: B) Provide a permanent link to digital content


16. Citizen science projects involve:

A) Professional scientists conducting research
B) Members of the public participating in scientific research
C) Government agencies funding scientific studies
D) Private companies conducting proprietary research

Answer: B) Members of the public participating in scientific research


17. The Right to be Forgotten is a concept that originated from:

A) The United States Supreme Court
B) The European Court of Justice
C) The United Nations
D) The World Wide Web Consortium

Answer: B) The European Court of Justice


18. Metadata harvesting is a process used in:

A) Collecting metadata from various repositories to create aggregated databases
B) Generating metadata for new library acquisitions
C) Removing outdated metadata from catalogs
D) Encrypting metadata for security purposes

Answer: A) Collecting metadata from various repositories to create aggregated databases


19. The HathiTrust Digital Library is:

A) A commercial e-book provider
B) A partnership of academic and research institutions offering a collection of millions of digitized titles
C) A government repository of public records
D) A private digital archive of historical documents

Answer: B) A partnership of academic and research institutions offering a collection of millions of digitized titles


20. Data literacy in the context of libraries refers to:

A) The ability to read and write data
B) The ability to collect and analyze data
C) The ability to understand, interpret, and use data effectively
D) The ability to program and manage databases

Answer: C) The ability to understand, interpret, and use data effectively

LIS Quiz #01

 

1. What does the acronym FAIR stand for in the context of data management?

A) Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable
B) Free, Accessible, Interchangeable, Reliable
C) Findable, Available, Interoperable, Reproducible
D) Free, Available, Interchangeable, Reusable

Answer: A) Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable


2. Which of the following is a linked data initiative aimed at improving bibliographic data sharing?

A) BIBFRAME
B) MARC21
C) Dublin Core
D) MODS

Answer: A) BIBFRAME


3. The Plan S initiative is associated with which aspect of scholarly publishing?

A) Subscription-based access
B) Open Access mandates
C) Print-only publications
D) Peer review processes

Answer: B) Open Access mandates


4. In the context of digital preservation, what does LOCKSS stand for?

A) Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe
B) Long-term Online Content Keeping System
C) Library Online Content Keeping Secure
D) Local Online Content Keeping System

Answer: A) Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe


5. The ORCID identifier is primarily used for:

A) Identifying research institutions
B) Identifying individual researchers
C) Cataloguing books in libraries
D) Classifying journal articles

Answer: B) Identifying individual researchers


6. Altmetrics are used to measure:

A) The traditional citation impact of scholarly articles
B) The alternative impact of research outputs, including social media mentions
C) The number of downloads of a research paper
D) The peer review status of a journal

Answer: B) The alternative impact of research outputs, including social media mentions


7. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is legislation enacted by:

A) The United States
B) The European Union
C) The United Nations
D) The World Intellectual Property Organisation

Answer: B) The European Union


8. Data curation in libraries refers to:

A) The selection and management of digital data over its lifecycle
B) The process of cataloguing physical books
C) The acquisition of new library materials
D) The archiving of historical manuscripts

Answer: A) The selection and management of digital data over its lifecycle


9. The Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license allows creators to:

A) Retain all rights while allowing free distribution
B) Waive all their copyright and place their work in the public domain
C) Require attribution for any use of their work
D) Restrict commercial use of their work

Answer: B) Waive all their copyright and place their work in the public domain


10. Predatory journals are characterised by:

A) Rigorous peer review processes
B) Charging high fees without providing legitimate editorial services
C) Being indexed in reputable databases
D) Having high impact factors

Answer: B) Charging high fees without providing legitimate editorial services